\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.1}{\ignorespaces Schematic of the HETGS Configuration ({\tt hetgs\_diagram.ps})}}{2}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.2}{\ignorespaces Image from the HETGS at XRCF ({\tt H-HAS-MC-20.001\_xyeImage06.ps})}}{2}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.3}{\ignorespaces Cross-section schematic of the HETG gratings ({\tt grat\_cross\_secs.ps})}}{3}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.4}{\ignorespaces HETG drawing with facet IDs ({\tt HETGdiag.eps})}}{4}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.5}{\ignorespaces Photograph of the HETG assembly ({\tt HETG.ps})}}{5}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.6}{\ignorespaces PSF and LRF Example ({\tt mis\_aligned.eps})}}{8}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.1}{\ignorespaces Rowland torus ray geometry ({\tt hetg-rowland\_dd.eps})}}{16}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.2}{\ignorespaces HETGS Resolving Power vs. Energy Curves ({\tt res\_power.eps})}}{19}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.3}{\ignorespaces Fitting the {\bf MARX\nobreakspace {}}MEG HRMA Effective Blur ({\tt marx\_hrma\_meg.eps})}}{22}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.4}{\ignorespaces Fitting the {\bf MARX\nobreakspace {}}HEG HRMA Effective Blur ({\tt marx\_hrma\_heg.eps})}}{22}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.1}{\ignorespaces Asymetry parameter for a trapezoidal grating ({\tt trap\_assym.ps1})}}{31}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.2}{\ignorespaces Trapezoidal bar shape ({\tt trap\_shape.ps1})}}{31}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.3}{\ignorespaces Synchrotron-derived and Henke optical constants ({\tt au\_optical\_constants.ps})}}{33}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.4}{\ignorespaces First order synchrotron data and model of HA2021 ({\tt HA2021\_p1.ps})}}{34}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.5}{\ignorespaces Residuals from the first order fit of HA2021. ({\tt HA2021\_resid.ps})}}{34}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.6}{\ignorespaces First order synchrotron data and model for MA1047 ({\tt MA1047\_p1.ps})}}{35}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.7}{\ignorespaces Residuals from the first order fit of grating MA1047 ({\tt MA1047\_resid.ps)}}}{35}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.8}{\ignorespaces HEG grating at polyimide and Cr edges, Henke constants ({\tt HA2021edges\_better.ps})}}{36}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.9}{\ignorespaces Residuals for HEG grating at polyimide edges ({\tt HA2021\_edge\_resid.ps1})}}{37}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.10}{\ignorespaces Comparison of absorption coefficents at nitrogen edge ({\tt blake\_compare.ps})}}{38}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.11}{\ignorespaces HEG at polyimide and Cr edges, 10/98 constants ({\tt HA2021\_edge\_981023.ps})}}{39}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.12}{\ignorespaces Residuals at polyimide and Cr edges, 10/98 constants ({\tt HA2021\_edge\_resid\_981023.ps})}}{39}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.13}{\ignorespaces Data and best-fit model of reference grating HX220 ({\tt hx220\_p1.ps})}}{41}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.14}{\ignorespaces Residuals for reference grating HX220 ({\tt hx220\_p1\_resid.ps})}}{41}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.15}{\ignorespaces Data and best-fit model of reference grating MX078 ({\tt mx078\_p1.ps})}}{42}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.16}{\ignorespaces Residuals for reference grating MX078 ({\tt mx078\_p1\_resid.ps})}}{42}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.17}{\ignorespaces Tilt data for reference grating MX078 ({\tt mx078\_asym.ps})}}{43}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.18}{\ignorespaces Tilt data for reference grating HX220 ({\tt hx220\_asym2.ps})}}{43}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.19}{\ignorespaces X-GEF/Synchrotron Residuals in First Order ({\tt xgef\_sync1.ps1})}}{44}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.20}{\ignorespaces X-GEF/Synchrotron Residuals in Zero Order ({\tt xgef\_sync0.ps1})}}{45}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.21}{\ignorespaces Measured HEG scatter at 1.775\nobreakspace {}keV ({\tt 1-3nocorr-1.775.ps})}}{48}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.22}{\ignorespaces Geometric parameters for a rectangular grating bar ({\tt bar.eps})}}{54}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.23}{\ignorespaces Global fit to the scattering data ({\tt 1-3wh-en0-2.ps})}}{56}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.24}{\ignorespaces Predictions of the correlation scattering model ({\tt 1-3wh-en3-6.ps})}}{57}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.25}{\ignorespaces Plot of the correlation functions ({\tt 1-3wh-corr.ps})}}{58}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.26}{\ignorespaces Electron micrograph of HEG bars ({\tt F06H030b\_cropped.ps})}}{59}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces LR Period Contour Plot ({\tt lr\_contour.eps})}}{65}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Period-$dp/p$ scatter plot for the HETG flight gratings ({\tt period\_plot.eps})}}{66}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Period Histogram of the MEG Flight Gratings ({\tt Flight\_MEGs.lst.active.hist.ps})}}{67}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces Period Histogram of the HEG Flight Gratings ({\tt Flight\_HEGs.lst.active.hist.ps})}}{68}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces X-GEF Schematic ({\tt xgef\_config.eps})}}{70}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.6}{\ignorespaces X-GEF Example Measurements and Derived Model: MEG ({\tt meg\_jfit\_compare.ps})}}{72}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.7}{\ignorespaces X-GEF Example Measurements and Derived Model: HEG ({\tt heg\_jfit\_compare.ps})}}{73}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.8}{\ignorespaces X-GEF Vertex Model Example: MEG ({\tt meg\_jfit\_shape.eps})}}{74}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.9}{\ignorespaces X-GEF Vertex Model Example: HEG ({\tt heg\_jfit\_shape.eps})}}{74}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.10}{\ignorespaces X-GEF Tilt Plots for an MEG ({\tt meg\_tilt\_plots.ps})}}{76}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.11}{\ignorespaces X-GEF Tilt Plots for an HEG ({\tt heg\_tilt\_plots.ps})}}{77}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.12}{\ignorespaces Measured roll errors for the 336 flight gratings ({\tt roll\_plot.eps})}}{79}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.13}{\ignorespaces Measured optical transmission for facets ({\tt optical\_trans.ps})}}{80}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.1}{\ignorespaces XRCF hardware schematic ({\tt xrcfsetup.eps})}}{85}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.2}{\ignorespaces Phase 1 Hardware Schematic ({\tt phase1\_effic.ps})}}{85}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.3}{\ignorespaces HSI image of 3rd-order MEG Al-K line ({\tt alkmeghsi.eps})}}{97}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.4}{\ignorespaces Example Phase 1 PHA spectra ({\tt phamegexample.eps})}}{98}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.5}{\ignorespaces ACIS-2C defocussed image of Al-K line ({\tt alkheg2c.eps})}}{99}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.6}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S defocussed image of Al-K line ({\tt aciseaalk.eps})}}{99}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Beam center example plot ({\tt beam\_cen\_example\_plot.eps})}}{103}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.2}{\ignorespaces Period and angle analysis output}}{104}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.3}{\ignorespaces Beam center results file}}{105}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.4}{\ignorespaces Measured Grating Periods ({\tt beam\_cen\_periods.ps})}}{106}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.5}{\ignorespaces Measured Dispersion Angles ({\tt beam\_cen\_angles.ps})}}{107}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.6}{\ignorespaces MEG, HEG Zero-order effects not seen ({\tt zoe\_MEG.ps, zoe\_HEG.ps})}}{108}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.7}{\ignorespaces Mg-K HSI images: data and {\bf MARX\nobreakspace {}}({\tt p1d\_cute\_images.ps})}}{110}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.8}{\ignorespaces FPC 1D slit scans: Mg-K, HEG 1st and 2nd orders ({\tt mgk\_psf1d.eps})}}{112}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.9}{\ignorespaces FPC 1D slit scans: Mg-K, MEG 1st and 3rd orders ({\tt mgk\_meg\_psf1d.eps})}}{112}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.10}{\ignorespaces Mg-K cross-dispersion scans: data and {\bf MARX\nobreakspace {}}({\tt p1d\_10h\_plots.ps})}}{113}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.11}{\ignorespaces Mg-K dispersion scans: data and {\bf MARX\nobreakspace {}}({\tt p1d\_10v\_plots.ps})}}{113}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.12}{\ignorespaces XRCF $E/dE$ Measurements ({\tt xrcf\_res\_power.eps})}}{115}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.13}{\ignorespaces Mis-aligned MEGs: HSI defocused image ({\tt mis\_align\_defocus.eps})}}{116}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.14}{\ignorespaces Shell 3 sector FF Events ({\tt mis\_align\_3\_FFps.ps})}}{117}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.15}{\ignorespaces FC-28.001: Shell 1 MEG +3 order quadrant images ({\tt fc\_28.001.ps})}}{120}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.16}{\ignorespaces FC-28.002: Shell 3 MEG +3 order quadrant images ({\tt fc\_28.002.ps})}}{121}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.17}{\ignorespaces MEG and HEG Mg-K PSF/1D wing scans ({\tt twoMEG80v.ps, twoHEG80v.ps})}}{122}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.18}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S Scatter: H-HAS-SC-7.002 image ({\tt H-HAS-SC-7.002.gif.ps})}}{123}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.19}{\ignorespaces Measured HEG scatter at 1.775\nobreakspace {}keV ({\tt 1.775.ps})}}{124}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.20}{\ignorespaces 1.775\nobreakspace {}keV scattering results ({\tt frac\_scat\_vs\_nrg\_half.ps})}}{125}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.21}{\ignorespaces HSI cusp HEG scatter at 1.775 keV ({\tt scatter.eps})}}{126}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.22}{\ignorespaces ACIS-2C image showing HEG scatter at 1.775 keV ({\tt scat\_2c\_image2.ps})}}{128}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.23}{\ignorespaces Pulse Height Distribution for '2C HEG Scatter Data ({\tt scat\_pha.ps})}}{130}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.24}{\ignorespaces ACIS-2C HEG scatter composite image ({\tt phot05\_tot.ps})}}{131}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.25}{\ignorespaces ACIS-2C MEG scatter composite image ({\tt phot1\_tot\_meg2.ps})}}{132}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.26}{\ignorespaces Fitting Gaussians to the HEG scattered light cross-dispersion profiles ({\tt scat\_fit.ps})}}{133}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.27}{\ignorespaces Estimated ``background'' for the scatter analysis ({\tt scat\_bg.ps})}}{135}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.28}{\ignorespaces Exposure function for ACIS-2C scatter tests ({\tt exposure.ps})}}{135}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.29}{\ignorespaces Profile of the zeroth order image in test G-H2C-SC-88.001 ({\tt profile\_fit\_submodel.ps})}}{136}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.30}{\ignorespaces Quadrant shutter test schematic ({\tt quadrant\_fig.eps})}}{140}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.31}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S image and selected order histograms ({\tt spectraim.ps})}}{143}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.32}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S quadrant shutter test result plots ({\tt paper1.001.foc.ps, paper1.003.foc.ps})}}{145}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.33}{\ignorespaces {\bf MARX\nobreakspace {}}quadrant shutter simulation results ({\tt mmcfullset.marx.2.ps})}}{150}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.34}{\ignorespaces '1.003 Data results ({\tt 1.003.stat.1.ps, 1.003.comb.1.ps})}}{155}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.1}{\ignorespaces HRMA effective areas ({\tt hrma\_effarea.ps})}}{158}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.2}{\ignorespaces MEG and HEG efficiencies ({\tt meg\_effic.ps, heg\_effic.ps})}}{159}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.3}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S Efficiencies ({\tt acis\_effic.ps})}}{160}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.4}{\ignorespaces ``Alignment'' test results, shells 1 and 6}}{164}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.5}{\ignorespaces Ti-K : HEG-HSI spectrum and model ({\tt E-HXH-3D-10.007\_compare.ps})}}{166}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.6}{\ignorespaces Fe-L line: LEG-HSI Spectrum ({\tt D-LXH-3D-11.030\_compare.ps})}}{167}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.7}{\ignorespaces Ti-K FPC Spectra ({\tt TiK\_phas.ps})}}{171}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.8}{\ignorespaces Fe-L FPC Spectra ({\tt FeL\_phas.ps})}}{172}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.9}{\ignorespaces Simple first-order effective areas ({\tt simple\_first\_orders.ps})}}{172}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.10}{\ignorespaces Ti-K and Fe-L simulated first-order images ({\tt tikfel\_images.ps})}}{174}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.11}{\ignorespaces JMKMOD fit to Ti-K BND Spectrum ({\tt tik\_fpc\_5\_uf.ps})}}{177}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.12}{\ignorespaces JMKMOD fit to Fe-L Spectrum ({\tt fel\_fpc\_x2\_uf.ps})}}{178}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.13}{\ignorespaces Phase 1 XRCF MEG and HEG Efficiencies: 1st order ({\tt effmegheg1st.ps})}}{180}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.14}{\ignorespaces Phase 1 XRCF MEG and HEG Efficiencies: 0 order ({\tt effmegheg0.ps})}}{181}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.15}{\ignorespaces HETGS image from H-HAS-EA-8.006 ({\tt H-HAS-EA-8.006\_image.ps})}}{187}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.16}{\ignorespaces BND flux at HRMA as a function of energy ({\tt bnd\_low.ps, bnd\_high.ps})}}{194}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.17}{\ignorespaces Measured and predicted HETGS 0-order effective area ({\tt zero\_effarea.ps})}}{195}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.18}{\ignorespaces Ratio of HETGS plus/minus first orders ({\tt acis\_heg\_asym.ps})}}{195}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.19}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S-MEG 1$^{\rm st}$-order effective area ({\tt effarea\_m1\_meg.ps, effarea\_p1\_meg.ps})}}{196}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.20}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S-MEG 3$^{\rm rd}$-order effective area ({\tt effarea\_m3\_meg.ps, effarea\_p3\_meg.ps})}}{197}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.21}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S-HEG 1$^{\rm st}$-order effective area ({\tt effarea\_m1\_heg.ps, effarea\_p1\_heg.ps})}}{198}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.22}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S-HEG 2$^{\rm nd}$-order effective area ({\tt effarea\_m2\_heg.ps, effarea\_p2\_heg.ps})}}{199}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.23}{\ignorespaces Exposure vs wavelength for the MC tests ({\tt exposure.ps})}}{202}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.24}{\ignorespaces Centroid of the Cu-L$\alpha $ line ({\tt shift.ps})}}{203}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.25}{\ignorespaces HEG-ACIS-S measurement of the Cu target spectrum ({\tt heg\_spec.ps})}}{205}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.26}{\ignorespaces MEG-ACIS-S measurement of the Cu target spectrum ({\tt meg\_spec.ps})}}{206}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.27}{\ignorespaces LEG-ACIS-S measurement of the Cu target spectrum ({\tt leg\_spec.ps})}}{207}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.28}{\ignorespaces Detailed view of HEG-Cu spectrum and model features ({\tt obs\_vs\_model.ps})}}{208}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.29}{\ignorespaces FI-to-FI count rate comparison ({\tt fifi.ps})}}{209}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.30}{\ignorespaces BI-to-FI count rate comparison ({\tt bifi.ps})}}{210}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.31}{\ignorespaces Pulse height distribution for CC data ({\tt mc\_s3\_pha.ps})}}{211}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.32}{\ignorespaces HETG-HRC-I image from test at 7\nobreakspace {}keV ({\tt hrcdata.ps})}}{214}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.33}{\ignorespaces Ratio of HETG-HRC-I plus/minus first orders ({\tt hrc\_heg\_asym.ps})}}{216}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.34}{\ignorespaces Predicted HEG and MEG high-order ratios ({\tt fig3a.ps, fig3b.ps})}}{218}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.35}{\ignorespaces HRC-HEG high-order ratios ({\tt fig4X.ps})}}{220}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.36}{\ignorespaces HRC-MEG high-order ratios ({\tt fig5X.ps})}}{221}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.37}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S-HEG high-order ratios ({\tt fig7X.ps})}}{223}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.38}{\ignorespaces ACIS-S-MEG high-order ratios ({\tt fig8X.ps})}}{224}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9.1}{\ignorespaces Schematic Diagram of the Types of Calibration Products ({\tt cip\_figure.eps})}}{232}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9.2}{\ignorespaces Basic Geometry for HETG Facet Location ({\tt facet\_figure.eps})}}{234}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9.3}{\ignorespaces Effective Efficiency for First-order MEG and HEG ({\tt pairs\_cip\_ee.eps})}}{239}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9.4}{\ignorespaces Effective Efficiency for HETG 1st and 0 orders ({\tt hetg\_cip\_ee.eps})}}{240}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9.5}{\ignorespaces Comparing MEG Rectangular and CIP Efficiencies (orders 1, 0).}}{243}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9.6}{\ignorespaces Comparing MEG Rectangular and CIP Efficiencies (orders 2, 3).}}{243}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9.7}{\ignorespaces Comparing HEG Rectangular and CIP Efficiencies (orders 1, 0).}}{244}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9.8}{\ignorespaces Comparing HEG Rectangular and CIP Efficiencies (orders 2, 3).}}{244}